EATS Act of 2025

The EATS Act of 2025, S.2512, directly amends the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 to remove eligibility disqualifications for students participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Specifically, it strikes the language that restricts students enrolled in institutions of higher education from SNAP participation and redefines "household" to include bona fide students enrolled at least half-time. This means that all college students who meet other SNAP income and asset requirements will now be eligible for benefits, regardless of their work status or parental responsibilities. This change significantly expands the pool of SNAP recipients, directly increasing the total amount of federal funds flowing into the food retail sector. The money trail for this legislation is straightforward: increased SNAP benefits translate directly into increased purchasing power for food. These funds are spent at authorized SNAP retailers. While the bill does not appropriate a specific dollar amount, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) will score the cost of this expansion, which will be substantial given the millions of college students in the U.S. This increased spending will flow through the existing SNAP infrastructure, directly benefiting grocery stores, supermarkets, and food distribution companies. Historically, temporary expansions of SNAP eligibility have shown immediate impacts on food retailers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, temporarily exempted some students from certain SNAP eligibility requirements. This temporary measure, which expired with the public health emergency, led to an observable increase in SNAP benefit utilization. While specific stock performance data for this temporary student exemption is difficult to isolate from broader pandemic-era market movements, the overall SNAP program expansion during this period contributed to strong sales growth for grocery retailers. For example, during the initial phases of pandemic-related SNAP expansions in 2020, major grocery chains like Walmart ($WMT) and Kroger ($KR) reported significant increases in comparable store sales, partly driven by increased government assistance programs. Specific companies that stand to gain are major grocery retailers and food distributors. Walmart ($WMT), Kroger ($KR), Costco Wholesale Corporation ($COST), and Target Corporation ($TGT) will see increased sales volume from a larger SNAP recipient base. Food distributors like Sysco Corporation ($SYY) and US Foods Holding Corp. ($USFD) will also benefit from increased demand from these retailers and other food service providers that accept SNAP. There are no direct losers from this expansion, as it increases overall demand for food products without imposing new costs on businesses. The bill has been referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. Given the bipartisan sponsorship (12 cosponsors, including the lead sponsor Sen. Gillibrand, a senior Democrat), the bill has moderate legislative momentum. The next step is committee consideration, followed by potential floor votes in the Senate and House. The timeline for passage is uncertain but could occur within the next year.