Lowering Input Costs for American Farmers Act

1) What happened: On April 28, 2026, Senator Roger Marshall (R-KS) introduced S.4418, the Lowering Input Costs for American Farmers Act, which was read twice and referred to the Senate Committee on Finance. The bill has three cosponsors (Grassley, Hyde-Smith, Ernst) and an identical companion bill (HR8583) in the House referred to Ways and Means. The bill is in early stage — no hearings or markups yet. 2) The money trail: This bill does not authorize or appropriate any federal spending. Instead, it removes existing trade barriers — specifically Section 301 tariffs (currently 25% on Chinese goods, but Morocco is not China — Section 301 was used against China, not Morocco) and countervailing duties (CVD) on Moroccan phosphate fertilizers. The CVD orders were issued April 7, 2021, and currently impose duties on phosphate fertilizers from Morocco and Russia. The bill would eliminate these duties for Moroccan imports only, reducing the cost of Moroccan phosphate fertilizers by an estimated $30-$50 per metric ton. The bill also requires U.S. Customs to refund cash deposits paid under the CVD orders within 90 days of enactment. 3) Structural winners and losers: The clear winners are U.S. farmers and agricultural cooperatives (e.g., CHS Inc., Land O'Lakes) who will see lower phosphate fertilizer prices. The losers are domestic phosphate producers: Mosaic ($MOS) is the largest U.S. phosphate producer with ~$4.5B in phosphate revenue; Nutrien ($NTR) has ~$2.5B in phosphate revenue. CF Industries is primarily nitrogen-based and minimally affected. The Moroccan phosphate giant OCP Group (privately held) is the direct beneficiary but not publicly traded. The bill does not affect Russian phosphate imports — only Moroccan. 4) Competitive landscape: Mosaic's phosphate operations are concentrated in Florida and Louisiana; the company has historically benefited from trade protections against Moroccan imports. If this bill passes, Mosaic would face direct price competition from OCP, which has lower production costs due to higher-grade ore and lower labor costs. Mosaic's phosphate segment operating margin (~15-20%) could compress by 3-5 percentage points. Nutrien's phosphate exposure is smaller but still significant. 5) Timeline: The bill is at the earliest stage — referred to committee. The Senate Finance Committee has jurisdiction over trade. Given the Republican sponsors (all from agricultural states) and the bipartisan nature of farm policy, the bill has moderate momentum. However, it faces opposition from domestic fertilizer producers and their congressional allies. The companion bill in the House (HR8583) increases passage probability. A realistic timeline: committee markup in late 2026, potential floor vote in 2027 if attached to a farm bill or trade package.