To amend title XI of the Social Security Act to equalize the negotiation period between small-molecule and biologic candidates under the Drug Price Negotiation Program.

HR1492, introduced on February 21, 2025, by Rep. Murphy (R-NC) with 67 cosponsors, amends the Social Security Act to extend the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program's small-molecule eligibility period from 7 to 11 years — matching the existing period for biologics. The bill's changes are retroactive to the enactment of the Inflation Reduction Act (Public Law 117-169). The bill has been referred to the House Energy and Commerce and Ways and Means Committees. It is early-stage with no committee action or markups yet, but the bipartisan cosponsor count (67) — entirely Republicans at this stage — indicates moderate momentum within the majority party.

The money trail is straightforward: this bill does not authorize or appropriate any new spending. Instead, it defers mandatory price reductions that CMS would otherwise impose on selected small-molecule drugs. The Congressional Budget Office would likely score this as a reduction in direct spending (i.e., higher Medicare Part D costs and beneficiary premiums), but the dollar amount depends on which drugs are selected for negotiation under the IRA's schedule. Pharma companies avoid billions in mandatory discounts on top-selling drugs like Eliquis (Pfizer/BMY), Biktarvy (Gilead), Trikafta (Vertex), and Verzenio (Lilly).

Structural winners are companies with large small-molecule franchises in Medicare Part D. Vertex ($VRTX) is the purest play — its entire cystic fibrosis portfolio is small-molecule and generates ~$9B US annual revenue. Gilead ($GILD) has Biktarvy, the top HIV drug. Pfizer ($PFE) and Bristol-Myers Squibb ($BMY) co-market Eliquis, the largest Part D drug by spending. Merck ($MRK) and Eli Lilly ($LLY) benefit from diabetes and oncology small-molecule drugs. Amgen and others with mixed portfolios gain more modestly. Biologics-focused companies are structurally neutral. Payers (insurers, PBMs like $UNH, $CI, $CVS) will face slightly higher drug costs versus the baseline law.

Based on the provided real market data (as of April 30, 2026), pharma stocks show mixed trends. Pfizer ($26.90) is near the low end of its 52-week range ($21.97–$28.75) with a 30-day decline of 4.2%. Merck ($111.99) is also down 6.9% over 30 days but above its 52-week low. Bristol-Myers Squibb ($60.36) has rallied 2.81% in the last 7 days and is near its 52-week high of $62.89. Eli Lilly ($927.85) surged 4.97% in the last 7 days. Vertex ($429.34) is down 3.85% over 30 days. The bill's introduction in February 2025 did not trigger an immediate stock reaction; pharma stocks are more influenced by quarterly earnings, pipeline data, and broader market conditions. The retroactive protection is a long-term structural benefit that supports valuation multiples and reduces negotiation risk.

Legislative timeline: HR1492 is in early stages. Next steps include hearings and markups in both committees, House floor vote, Senate introduction of a companion bill (none yet), and potential reconciliation or standalone passage. The 119th Congress runs through 2027; this bill could move slowly or be attached to a broader health package. Passage probability is moderate — the IRA's drug negotiation provisions were highly partisan, and reversing them will face Democratic opposition. However, the bipartisan interest in extending small-molecule protections (including some Democratic cosponsors may emerge from moderate districts) gives it a path.